Is Underfloor Heating Expensive to Run

Underfloor heating has become increasingly popular in the UK, both in new builds and in renovation projects. It provides a modern alternative to radiators, offering consistent warmth and freeing up wall space to improve interior design. Despite its appeal, many homeowners, landlords and developers have one key question before installing it: is underfloor heating expensive to run? The answer depends on several factors, including the type of system installed, the property’s insulation and the way the heating is managed.

Types of Underfloor Heating Systems

To understand running costs, it is important to distinguish between the two main types of underfloor heating: electric (often called dry systems) and water-based (wet systems).

Electric underfloor heating uses electric cables or mats installed beneath the floor surface. It is relatively simple to install, particularly in single rooms or retrofitted spaces, but electricity is more expensive per unit than gas. This means that although the installation costs are often lower, running costs can be higher compared to wet systems.

Water-based underfloor heating uses a network of pipes that circulate warm water from a boiler or heat pump. This type of system is usually more complex and costly to install but is more economical to run in the long term, especially in larger properties or new builds designed with high energy efficiency in mind.

Comparing Running Costs to Radiators

One of the advantages of underfloor heating is that it operates at lower temperatures than traditional radiators. While radiators typically run at 65 to 75 degrees Celsius, underfloor heating only needs to operate at around 27 to 31 degrees Celsius to achieve the same room temperature. This efficiency can reduce energy use, particularly in well-insulated properties.

For water-based systems connected to modern condensing boilers or heat pumps, running costs can be lower than those of radiator systems. For electric systems, the picture is different. Because of higher electricity prices, running costs are often higher, particularly if the system is used to heat the entire property. Many households therefore use electric underfloor heating as a secondary heat source in bathrooms or kitchens, where the space is smaller and heating demand is lower.

The Role of Insulation

The cost of running underfloor heating is heavily influenced by how well the property is insulated. Poor insulation allows heat to escape quickly, meaning the system has to work harder and consume more energy to maintain comfortable temperatures. In contrast, well-insulated homes with modern glazing and floor insulation allow the heat to circulate efficiently, reducing overall energy use.

For this reason, water-based underfloor heating is most cost-effective in new builds, where insulation standards are high. Retrofitting underfloor heating into older properties can still be beneficial, but unless insulation improvements are made, running costs may be higher than expected.

Smart Controls and Efficiency

Modern underfloor heating systems often come with programmable thermostats and smart controls, which allow homeowners to set heating schedules for individual rooms. This zoning capability can significantly reduce running costs, as energy is only used where and when it is needed.

For example, bathrooms can be warmed in the morning and evening but left off during the day. Living rooms can be heated in the evening, while bedrooms may require little heating at all. By carefully managing heating patterns, households can keep costs under control without sacrificing comfort.

Average Running Costs in the UK

Estimating exact running costs can be difficult, as they vary depending on the system type, property size and energy tariffs. However, general figures can provide useful guidance.

Electric underfloor heating can cost between £10 and £15 per square metre per year if used sparingly, for example in a bathroom. For larger spaces used daily, costs can rise significantly, making it more expensive than conventional heating.

Water-based systems are usually cheaper to run, particularly when connected to a modern boiler or, even better, a heat pump. In many cases, running costs are comparable to or lower than those of radiators, particularly in energy-efficient properties. When combined with renewable energy sources such as solar panels, costs can be reduced even further.

Installation Costs vs Running Costs

It is important to consider both installation and running costs together. Electric systems are cheaper to install, with prices starting from around £60 per square metre, but higher running costs may outweigh the savings over time. Water-based systems may cost £100 to £150 per square metre to install, but they often prove more economical in the long run.

For landlords and developers, this balance is critical. While higher installation costs may initially reduce profit margins, lower running costs can increase the appeal of a property to tenants or buyers. Many prospective tenants now prioritise energy efficiency and lower bills when choosing a rental property, making water-based underfloor heating an attractive feature.

Environmental Impact

Another factor to consider is the environmental impact. Because underfloor heating systems operate at lower temperatures, they can reduce energy consumption when combined with efficient boilers or renewable technologies. In particular, pairing a water-based system with an air source or ground source heat pump can create a highly efficient and sustainable heating solution.

For electric systems, the environmental benefit depends on the source of electricity. As the UK electricity grid continues to move towards renewable generation, the carbon footprint of electric heating will reduce. However, at present, water-based systems generally remain the more sustainable option when connected to low-carbon energy sources.

Practical Benefits Beyond Cost

While cost is a key consideration, underfloor heating offers practical advantages that are worth factoring into the decision. The even distribution of heat across a floor creates a consistent and comfortable temperature, avoiding cold spots often experienced with radiators. Removing radiators also frees up wall space, allowing greater flexibility in room layouts and interior design.

For landlords, these benefits can make properties more attractive to tenants, while developers may find that underfloor heating adds a premium selling point. For homeowners, the added comfort and aesthetic appeal can make it a worthwhile investment even if running costs are slightly higher than standard systems.

When Underfloor Heating May Not Be Cost-Effective

There are circumstances where underfloor heating may not be the most cost-effective option. Retrofitting electric systems into older, poorly insulated homes can lead to high running costs. Similarly, water-based systems may not deliver expected savings if installed without adequate insulation or if combined with an outdated boiler.

It is therefore important to assess each property individually. An energy performance assessment or consultation with a qualified heating engineer can provide valuable insight into whether underfloor heating will be efficient and affordable in a specific property.

Conclusion

So, is underfloor heating expensive to run? The answer depends on the type of system, the property’s insulation and how the heating is managed. Electric underfloor heating is generally more costly to run, making it better suited for small areas or occasional use. Water-based underfloor heating, when paired with efficient boilers or heat pumps, is usually more economical and can even be cheaper than traditional radiators in well-insulated properties.

For homeowners, landlords and developers, the key is to balance upfront installation costs with long-term savings and benefits. With careful planning, underfloor heating can provide not only energy efficiency but also improved comfort and added property value.