What’s Involved in an Electrical Installation Condition Report (EICR)

An Electrical Installation Condition Report, more commonly known as an EICR, is an essential part of ensuring electrical safety in homes, rental properties, and commercial buildings across the UK. It is a detailed inspection and testing process carried out by a qualified electrician, designed to identify faults, deterioration, or non-compliance within an electrical system. While it may seem like just another piece of paperwork, an EICR can prevent fires, protect lives, and ensure properties meet legal and insurance requirements.

What is an EICR?

An EICR is a formal document produced after a full inspection of a property’s fixed electrical installations. This includes wiring, consumer units, sockets, switches, and light fittings. The report assesses whether the system is safe for continued use, highlighting any areas that require improvement or urgent repair. It provides a clear record of the condition of the installation at the time of testing, offering both peace of mind and evidence of compliance with regulations.

Who needs an EICR?

While any homeowner can benefit from an EICR, there are specific groups for whom it is essential. Landlords in England are legally required to have an EICR carried out at least every five years and provide copies to tenants and local authorities. Homeowners planning to sell or buy a property often commission an EICR to confirm the condition of the electrics. Businesses and workplaces are also expected to have regular inspections to comply with the Electricity at Work Regulations. Even for those without a legal requirement, an EICR is a valuable investment in safety.

The inspection process

The EICR process begins with a visual inspection, where the electrician looks for obvious signs of damage, wear, or poor workmanship. This may include checking for cracked sockets, loose connections, or outdated consumer units. The next stage involves testing circuits using specialist equipment. These tests measure things such as insulation resistance, earth continuity, and fault loop impedance, all of which provide evidence of how the system performs under different conditions. During the inspection, circuits may be switched off, so some disruption should be expected.

What the report includes

Once testing is complete, the electrician compiles the findings into a detailed report. This includes a description of the installation, the results of all tests, and observations about any defects or departures from the current Wiring Regulations (BS 7671). Each issue is given a code to indicate its severity. Code C1 highlights immediate danger, requiring urgent action, while Code C2 points to a potentially dangerous fault that must be addressed soon. Code C3 recommends improvements, and FI means further investigation is required. These codes provide a clear guide to priorities for repair.

Common issues found in EICRs

EICRs frequently uncover issues that may not be obvious to homeowners. Common problems include outdated consumer units without Residual Current Devices (RCDs), damaged wiring, loose connections, and signs of overheating. In older properties, rubber or lead-insulated wiring is often found, both of which are no longer considered safe. Even modern installations can develop faults due to wear and tear, overloading, or poor-quality work. Identifying these problems early prevents them from developing into serious hazards.

How often should an EICR be carried out?

The recommended frequency of an EICR depends on the type of property. For rental homes, the legal requirement is every five years or at the start of a new tenancy. For owner-occupied homes, guidance suggests every ten years, though more frequent checks may be needed for older properties or those with higher electrical demands. Workplaces and commercial premises often require more regular inspections, depending on their usage and risk level. In all cases, an EICR should also be carried out after significant electrical work or where there are concerns about safety.

The role of a qualified electrician

Only a competent and qualified electrician can carry out an EICR. This ensures the inspection meets the requirements of BS 7671 and provides valid certification. Registered electricians are trained to identify hidden faults and use specialist testing equipment safely. They also have the knowledge to recommend appropriate remedial work. For landlords and businesses, using a properly registered electrician is essential, as reports from unqualified individuals are not recognised and could invalidate insurance or breach legal obligations.

Why EICRs matter for insurance and compliance

Insurance companies often ask for evidence of electrical safety, particularly after a claim involving fire or damage. An up-to-date EICR provides clear proof that reasonable steps have been taken to maintain the installation. For landlords, it is not just about insurance but also legal compliance, with failure to provide valid EICRs potentially leading to fines of up to £30,000. For homeowners, even without a legal obligation, having an EICR in place can smooth property sales and provide reassurance to buyers.

Preparing for an EICR

Homeowners and landlords can prepare for an EICR by ensuring easy access to sockets, consumer units, and wiring routes. Appliances may need to be unplugged, and power may be switched off for short periods during testing. A typical inspection for an average home may take two to four hours, depending on size and complexity. The process is thorough but straightforward, and electricians will explain what to expect before beginning work.

Conclusion

An Electrical Installation Condition Report is far more than just a piece of paper. It is a vital tool for identifying risks, ensuring compliance, and protecting both people and property. Whether you are a landlord meeting your legal duties, a homeowner planning a sale, or simply someone who wants peace of mind, an EICR provides clear evidence that your electrics are safe and reliable. By working with a qualified electrician and keeping reports up to date, you ensure that your home or property is protected today and for years to come.